Dietary Protein and Exercise Have Additive Effects on Body Composition during Weight Loss in Adult Women¹,²

1. Donald K. Layman^*,^†,³,
2. Ellen Evans^†,^**,
3. Jamie I. Baum^†,
4. Jennifer Seyler^†,
5. Donna J. Erickson^*, and
6. Richard A. Boileau^**

+ Author Affiliations

1. ^*Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition;
2. ^†Division of Nutritional Sciences; and
3. ^**Department of Kinesiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

1. ↵³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dlayman@uiuc.edu.

Abstract

This study examined the interaction of 2 diets (high protein, reduced carbohydrates vs. low protein, high carbohydrates) with exercise on body composition and blood lipids in women (n = 48, ∼46 y old, BMI = 33 kg/m²) during weight loss. The study was a 4-mo weight loss trial using a 2 × 2 block design (Diet × Exercise). Diets were equal in total energy (7.1 MJ/d) and lipids (∼30% energy intake) but differed in protein content and the ratio of carbohydrate:protein at 1.6 g/(kg · d) and <1.5 (PRO group) vs. 0.8 g/(kg · d) and >3.5 (CHO group), respectively. Exercise comparisons were lifestyle activity (control) vs. a supervised exercise program (EX: 5 d/wk walking and 2 d/wk resistance training). Subjects in the PRO and PRO + EX groups lost more total weight and fat mass and tended to lose less lean mass (P = 0.10) than the CHO and CHO + EX groups. Exercise increased loss of body fat and preserved lean mass. The combined effects of diet and exercise were additive for improving body composition. Serum lipid profiles improved in all groups, but changes varied among diet treatments. Subjects in the CHO groups had larger reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, whereas subjects in the PRO groups had greater reductions in triacylglycerol and maintained higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol. This study demonstrated that a diet with higher protein and reduced carbohydrates combined with exercise additively improved body composition during weight loss, whereas the effects on blood lipids differed between diet treatments. 

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 Mandala of Health. Volume 4, Nomor 1, Januari 2010 Krisnansari, Nutrisi dan Gizi Buruk
60
NUTRISI DAN GIZI BURUK
Diah Krisnansari1
1Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu-ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Purwokerto
E-mail: sari_fkunsoed@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Malnutrition, withs 2 constituents of protein–energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies, continues
to be a major health burden in developing countries. It is globally the most important risk factor for illness and
death, with hundreds of millions of pregnant women and young children particularly affected. In Indonesia, Protein
Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies are still one of the most important and urgent health
problems in the community, in which the underfive children are among the most vulnerable. Apart from marasmus
and kwashiorkor (the 2 forms of protein– energy malnutrition), deficiencies in iron, iodine, vitamin A and zinc are
the main manifestations of malnutrition in developing countries. In these communities, a high prevalence of poor
diet and infectious disease regularly unites into a vicious circle. The high prevalence of bacterial and parasitic
diseases in developing countries contributes greatly to Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient
deficiencies there. Similarly, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies increases one’s
susceptibility to and severity of infections, and is thus a major component of illness and death from disease. Protein
Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and micronutrient deficiencies is consequently the most important risk factor for the
burden of disease in developing countries. Although nutrition treatment protocols for severe malnutrition have in
recent years become more efficient, most patients (especially in rural areas) have little or no access to formal health
services and are never seen in such settings. Interventions to prevent protein– energy malnutrition range from
promoting breast-feeding to food supplementation schemes, whereas micronutrient deficiencies would best be
addressed through food-based strategies such as dietary diversification through home gardens and small livestock.
Keywords : nutrition, protein energy malnutrition), micronutrient deficiencies





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